Showing posts with label Albrecht Dürer. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Albrecht Dürer. Show all posts

Sunday, October 18, 2015

The Liber chronicarum, 15th C



The Liber chronicarum, (image source from provided ebay link) a universal history compiled from older and contemporary sources by the Nuremberg doctor, humanist, and bibliophile Hartmann Schedel (1440–1514), is one of the most densely illustrated and technically advanced works of early printing. It contains 1809 woodcuts produced from 645 blocks. 


The Nuremberg entrepreneur Sebald Schreyer and his brother-in-law, Sebastian Kammermeister, financed the production of the book. Michael Wolgemut and his son-in-law Wilhelm Pleydenwurff executed the illustrations in around 1490, a time when their workshop was at its artistic peak and the young Albrecht Dürer was just completing his apprenticeship there. 

The views of towns, some authentic, some invented or copied from older models, are of both artistic and topographical interest. This brilliantly colored copy, owned by Schedel, contains valuable additional matter, such as Erhard Etzlaub's map of the road to Rome. Along with the rest of Schedel's library, the book became part of the library of Johann Jacob Fugger, which in 1571 came into the possession of Duke Albrecht V of Bavaria.


This Chronicle is probably the most sophisticated printed book published before the year 1500 because of its use of different graphic layouts that integrate text and image in more varied ways than anything that had previously been attempted. 




Wikimedia has a lot of illustrations in three categories: one, two, three; a few of which also appear above.




Saturday, October 18, 2014

Travel of a Rhinocero, 16th Century

Rhinoceros, click for larger image
Dürer, Rhinoceron, 1515

When the Portuguese ship "Nossa Senhora da Ajuda" sailed from India for Lisbon in Jan 1515, it included a unusual gift from Sultan Muzafar II to King Manuel I of Portugalan Indian Rhinocero.

That rhinocero, first seen in Europe, arrived in Lisbon later that year on 20 May (5 months of travel) and created great scientific and public interest. King Manuel eventually decided to give the rhinocero to Pope Leo X and it set sail for Rome in Dec 1515, I'm afraid that was a moved year for the poor animal.
 
During this second travel to Rome the ship capsized in a storm and the rhino died. The carcass was recovered, stuffed, and exhibited at the Vatican in 1516.

Although few saw the animal in person the news spread across Europe. Albrecht Dürer, in Nuremburg, received a sketch and a description from Valentin Ferdinand and from this he created several ink sketches and his famous woodcut.


Rhinoceros, click for larger image
Parsons, plate I, 1743. From ref. 3
Rhinoceros, click for larger image
Galle, Rhinoceros, 1586.
Rhinoceros, click for larger image
Kandel, in Cosmographia, 1598. Wikipedia
Clara, click for larger image
Pietro Longhi, Exhibition of a rhinoceros at Venice, 1751. Wikipedia
Rhinoceros, click for larger image
Nice one :: Photo by Phillippe Halsman titled "Dali and Rhinoceros, 1956"